What is a retrobulbar hematoma?
Emma Martin
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Retrobulbar hematoma is a condition that involves blood congestion deep in the soft tissue of the posterior orbital septum. Although this is a rare complication, it requires considerable caution because it can cause blindness.
How do you treat a retrobulbar hematoma?
Wound exploration represents the first-line treatment for postoperative retrobulbar hemorrhage when possible. Lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis are the most effective means of emergent orbital decompression for etiologies other than postoperative.
How is retrobulbar hematoma diagnosed?
Signs of retrobulbar hemorrhage include expanding proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, increased intraocular pressure, loss of pupillary reflexes, and optic disc or retinal pallor [3, 4]. Both Computed Tomography (CT) scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be performed in the diagnosis.
What is orbital hematoma?
Orbital hematoma is defined as a collection of blood inside the orbit, and the major adverse sequelae that develop arise because the orbit is a bony cone with tight fascial attachments holding the globe at its anterior edge.
What is Extraconal hematoma?
Extraconal hematoma has a classic appearance of a confined lentiform hyperdense hematoma, analagous to an intracranial extradural hemorrhage. It is usually located in the superior half of the orbit and almost always adjacent to a fracture of the bony orbit.
Emergency Lateral Canthotomy and Cantholysis
What causes Retrobulbar hematoma?
The retrobulbar hematoma seems to result from bleeding caused by damage to the infra-orbital arteries or the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries during surgery and rebound vasodilation of the vascular puncture site upon injection [3,4]. It usually comes secondary to sustained orbital bleeding after wound closure.
What is Infraorbital hematoma?
Background. Intraorbital haematoma is a rare clinical entity which can be caused by orbital traumas, neoplasms, surgeries nearby sinuses and orbit, vascular malformations, acute sinusitis, systemic abnormalities, barotrauma and valsalva maneuver.
Is hematoma serious?
Bruises generally are not serious. In contrast, a hematoma is a leakage from a larger blood vessel. The mark that it leaves might be dark blue or black, but it can also cause significant redness. More severe traumas cause hematomas, which may be serious and require medical treatment.
What is hematoma?
A hematoma is a bad bruise. It happens when an injury causes blood to collect and pool under the skin. The pooling blood gives the skin a spongy, rubbery, lumpy feel. A hematoma usually is not a cause for concern. It is not the same thing as a blood clot in a vein, and it does not cause blood clots.
What causes periorbital hematoma?
Racoon eye or periorbital ecchymosis is caused by blood tracking into periorbital tissues, which is frequently observed after head trauma but is also observed in systemic diseases, such as amyloidosis, neuroblastoma, and surgical interventions.
What is retrobulbar injection?
Retrobulbar block is type of regional anesthetic nerve block used in intraocular surgery. In this technique, local anesthetic is injected into the retrobulbar space, the area located behind the globe of the eye.
Is it normal for a hematoma to harden?
Many injuries can develop a hematoma and give the area a firm, lumpy appearance. If you have an injury, you might have more than a bruise. It's important to see your doctor if your bruise swells or becomes a firm lump, because it might mean something more severe happened under the skin.
How long does Retrobulbar block last?
Depending on the type of anesthetic used, a retrobulbar block may be short-acting, lasting about 30 minutes, or long-acting, lasting about 6-8 hours.
What causes retrobulbar abscess?
Retrobulbar abscess occurs when an infection or intrusion causes a pus filled cavity to form behind the eyeball. This disorder requires veterinary care to mend. Vet bills can sneak up on you.
What is the difference between ecchymosis and hematoma?
Hematoma vs. Ecchymosis: Are They the Same Thing?: A hematoma is a collection of blood outside of a blood vessel and ecchymosis is flat, purple-colored bruise. Symptoms and signs of hematomas and ecchymosis that are different include skin discoloration and where it is located.
What is orbital apex syndrome?
Orbital apex syndrome is characterized by vision loss from optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia due to the involvement of ocular motor nerves in the anatomical region of the orbital apex.
What does hematoma mean in medical terms?
(HEE-muh-TOH-muh) A pool of mostly clotted blood that forms in an organ, tissue, or body space. A hematoma is usually caused by a broken blood vessel that was damaged by surgery or an injury.
What causes hematoma in phlebotomy?
Most commonly, hematomas are caused by an injury to the wall of a blood vessel, prompting blood to seep out of the blood vessel into the surrounding tissues. A hematoma can result from an injury to any type of blood vessel (artery, vein, or small capillary).
Can a hematoma cause death?
An enlarging hematoma can cause gradual loss of consciousness and possibly death. The three types of subdural hematomas are: Acute. This most dangerous type is generally caused by a severe head injury, and signs and symptoms usually appear immediately.
What happens if a hematoma bursts?
As hematomas break down and absorb the firm collection of blood, they eventually change to yellow or brown. Hematomas can become quite large and collect enough blood to cause low blood pressure and shock.
How long do hematomas last?
The swelling and pain of the hematoma will go away. This takes from 1 to 4 weeks, depending on the size of the hematoma. The skin over the hematoma may turn bluish then brown and yellow as the blood is dissolved and absorbed. Usually, this only takes a couple of weeks but can last months.
Should a hematoma be drained?
A hematoma is a larger collection of blood, usually caused by surgery, injury, or a greater trauma. Hematomas will usually reabsorb into the body, like a bruise. However, depending on the size, location and cause of the hematoma, the area may need to be drained surgically, or take a longer period of time to resolve.
What is orbital compartment syndrome?
Orbital compartment syndrome is an uncommon, ophthalmic surgical emergency characterized by an acute rise in orbital pressure. When intraorbital tension rises, damage to ocular and other intraorbital structures, including irreversible blindness, may occur if not promptly treated.
How is Proptosis diagnosed?
- A blood test to make sure the thyroid gland is functioning properly.
- Examination with an exophthalmometer, to measure the degree of protrusion.
- Imaging scans to examine the eye socket and orbit.
- An MRI or CT scan of the brain to assess its structure.
What is Enophthalmus?
Introduction. Enophthalmos is defined as the posterior displacement of the globe in an anteroposterior plane within the orbit. This is to be distinguished from hyperglobus, hypoglobus, esoglobus, and exoglobus.
